{"id":13897,"date":"2022-12-21T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fondazionefiladev.ive.ai\/?p=13897"},"modified":"2022-12-13T14:39:16","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T13:39:16","slug":"behind-the-scenes-the-history-of-dictionary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fondazionefiladev.ive.ai\/en\/behind-the-scenes-the-history-of-dictionary\/","title":{"rendered":"BEHIND THE SCENES: THE HISTORY OF DICTIONARY"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"box-blog\">\n<p>\nStarting from <strong>1964<\/strong>, a group of <strong>Italian archaeologists<\/strong> has discovered in <strong>Ebla, Syria, 15,000 clay bars<\/strong> covered with cuneiform symbols: they are still considered <strong>the most ancient dictionary in the world.<\/strong> It was about lists of very common things, translated from <strong>the Sumerian language<\/strong> to a second or a third one, in order to ease market exchanges in the Oriental part of the world.\nIn the <strong>first millennium B.C.<\/strong>, on the other hand, the tradition of <strong>unilingual dictionaries<\/strong> began, created to <strong>comment holy texts:<\/strong> in <strong>Egypt, India, China, Greece,<\/strong> at the borders of all the symbols we can find <strong>explanations about the rarest expressions.<\/strong>      \n\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>The Medieval times<\/strong> were characterized by monumental efforts. <strong>Isidoro of Seville<\/strong> was author of <strong><em>Etymologiarum sive Originum libri viginti <\/em><\/strong> (570-636 B.C.): <strong>20 volumes, 448 chapters and almost 100.000 words<\/strong> to compose <strong>a summa of ancient knowledge,<\/strong> that by interpreting the most creative etymologies tried to get to the core of knowing. During the Medieval times we witness the spread of the so-called <strong>glossaries \u2013 lists of words<\/strong> that were not simply conceived to help understand texts, but also as a practical instrument for those who had to write in Latin, when such language was not spoken anymore.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThe real change, of course, came with the invention of <strong>printing.<\/strong> By the half of the <strong>15th century<\/strong> monolingual and multilingual dictionaries started to have a widespread diffusion; in this sense, <strong>Italy<\/strong> gained a primary role, at the beginning of the 18th century no other country had comparable vocabularies, also thanks to the influence of ancient texts by <strong>Dante, Petrarca, Boccaccio, Ariosto.<\/strong> However, the <strong>French<\/strong> experience has to be mentioned too, with <strong>Antoine Fureti\u00e8re<\/strong>\u2019s <strong><em>Essai d&#8217;un dictionnaire universel<\/em><\/strong> (1684). This text became emblematic because it was inspired by <strong>conversation language,<\/strong> spoken at court and at literary salons: language was a <strong>contemporary entity,<\/strong> that didn\u2019t need examples from the past.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nSo we come to the <strong>20th century<\/strong>, marked by single volume dictionaries (in Italy we can mention <strong>Zingarelli<\/strong> and <strong>Devoto-Oli<\/strong>), and to the <strong>21st century<\/strong>, with <strong>Wikipedia<\/strong> and <strong>Urban Dictionary<\/strong> witnessing that the evolution of <strong>language<\/strong> deals with that of <strong>technology<\/strong>. The natural continuance of it is Parole (\u2018Words\u2019), our video event that has animated our <strong>social media<\/strong> channels since last year. A <strong>modern glossary<\/strong> taking out <strong>fashion words<\/strong> every week, that can be linked with FILA history in a transversal way. We\u2019re sure you won\u2019t be able to live without it anymore: go check the past episodes on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@fondazionefilamuseum3290\">YouTube<\/a>!\n<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"box-suggest-newsletter\">\n<p>Would you like to receive &#8220;Wonnie News&#8221;? Subscribe <a id=\"link-wonnie-letter\" href=\"#box-newsletter-footer\">here<\/a>!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<a class=\"box-go-homeblog\" href=\"\/en\/blog\">Back to the articles!<\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Starting from 1964, a group of Italian archaeologists has discovered in Ebla, Syria, 15,000 clay bars covered with cuneiform symbols: they are still considered the most ancient dictionary in the world. It was about lists of very common things, translated from the Sumerian language to a second or a third one, in order to ease [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[888,204,216,782],"class_list":["post-13897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-dictionary","tag-fila-2","tag-fondazione-fila-museum-2","tag-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.9.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>BEHIND THE SCENES: THE HISTORY OF DICTIONARY<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Behind the Scenes is our blog event devoted to our social media contents. 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